Beachgoers should be aware that potentially lethal "flesh-consuming bacteria" can survive in coastal environments. Here are safety precautions to follow.
In recent times, two potentially harmful microorganisms – Vibrio vulnificus and Naegleria fowleri – have been making headlines due to their increasing prevalence and potential danger.
Vibrio vulnificus, often found in warm coastal waters, has been linked to at least four fatalities this year. The Florida Department of Health reported four deaths and at least seven illnesses caused by this bacterium. Most infections occur when people swallow contaminated water or get it in an open wound, or through contaminated raw or undercooked seafood, particularly shellfish such as oysters.
The U.S. state of Louisiana reported the highest number of Vibrio vulnificus infections in 2025, with 22 cases requiring hospitalization and 5 deaths. This surge was linked to rising sea temperatures, making it crucial to be aware of the risks associated with open water activities and seafood consumption.
On the other hand, Naegleria fowleri, often referred to as a "brain-eating amoeba," thrives in warm fresh water sources. This ameba can only cause infection if water contaminated with it reaches the brain through the nose. Infections by Naegleria fowleri have been reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) around 40 times from 2011 to 2022, with a recent death occurring in a children's hospital in South Carolina.
To avoid Naegleria fowleri, it's advisable to use distilled or boiled tap water when rinsing your sinuses or cleansing your nasal passages. When jumping or diving into fresh water, holding your nose or wearing a nose clip is also recommended. The ameba has been detected in poorly maintained pools, splash pads, and tap water, as well as in hot springs. It's essential to keep your head above water in hot springs.
Both Vibrio vulnificus and Naegleria fowleri are fueled by warm temperatures and may become more prevalent due to climate change. To minimize the risk, avoid digging in shallow water, and be cautious when engaging in water activities, especially in warm, fresh, or brackish water sources.
It's important to remember that while these microorganisms can be dangerous, the risk of infection is relatively low. Infections caused by Vibrio vulnificus are rare, with an average of 150 to 200 cases reported each year to the CDC. By being aware of the risks and taking simple precautions, you can enjoy water activities safely.
