"Unveiling the Enigma: Veterinarian Explains Catnip's Euphoria-Inducing Impact on Cats"
What Instigates the Strange Behavior in Cats: Catnip
Derived from the Nepeta cataria plant, catnip elicits peculiar reactions in felines, causing them to roll, rub, meow more profusely, and display increased playfulness. This herbal substance can also alleviate anxiety in cats.
To elevate a cat's playtime, consider investing in the best catnip toys, which infuse excitement and entertainment into the ordinary. However, not all cats respond to catnip; some remain unaffected. Whether you aim to encourage play or restore peace, catnip holds numerous benefits. But why?
To uncover the rationale behind catnip's impact, we consulted Dr. Rebecca MacMillan, a veterinarian with over 16 years of experience working with cats. Below, she sheds light on the intriguing phenomenon baffling cat owners.
What is Catnip's Role in Cats' Behavior?
Although cat owners are familiar with the unique effects of catnip, they might not know what mechanisms trigger these responses. Nepetalactone, an oil found in catnip leaves, is the compound responsible for most cats' exuberant reactions. Even the scent can set a cat off. So, what leads cats to become obsessed with catnip?
If you've ever watched your cat deeply sniff something, such as messages other cats leave behind in the garden, you may have noticed its mouth hanging open during these sniffing sprees. This is due to the extra scent organ in the roof of a cat's mouth called the vomeronasal gland. It acts as a direct hotline to the brain, primarily used for identifying cat pheromones.
Nepetalactone closely resembles feline sex hormones, which is why a cat on catnip might exhibit behaviors similar to those of females in heat. Some cats become overly playful, others aggressive, and some just become completely relaxed. Therefore, does catnip cause cats to get high? In essence, yes, since a chemical temporarily modifies their behavior.
Dr. MacMillan explains: "Cats adore catnip because of its effects on them. It acts as a natural mood enhancer, eliciting feelings of euphoria in many cats. Studies suggest catnip has insect and mosquito repellent properties. In the wild, cats may have evolved to use catnip to protect themselves against parasites."
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What is Catnip?
Also known as cataria to botanists, catnip is a mint family member distinguishable from typical mint plants. It resembles a mint plant but stands out among its peers when in bloom due to its array of blue, white, pink, or lavender flowers. It's easy to grow at home (as long as your cat doesn't devour it first) and when dried, its leaves resemble oregano.
If you find yourself perplexed by the differences between catnip and catmint, our catmint vs. catnip article can clarify the distinction. The key point to remember for your cat's sake is that catnip is the desirable substance.
Benefits of Catnip
Since catnip often has a stimulating effect on cats, it can be extremely beneficial, not just for your cat, but for you as well. We don't recommend experimenting with catnip yourself, as it has minimal to no impact on humans – unless, of course, you have a unique sensitivity!
Catnip can be utilized as an effective cat training tool. For example, if your cat persists in scratching furniture instead of approved scratching posts, infusing catnip into the scratching post can make it more appealing to your feline.
Beyond correcting behavior, catnip enriches your cat's life by providing an engaging outlet, particularly for more sedentary cats who could benefit from additional exercise. In some cats, however, catnip has a sedative effect, making it a valuable aid in calming fearful cats during stressful situations, such as veterinary visits.
Dr. MacMillan advises: "Catnip can serve as a reward for cats. Many owners use it as a training tool or to encourage play. You can provide catnip-filled toys or apply some to existing toys to motivate your cat into increased activity. Placing catnip around a scratch post may also encourage your cat to use it more, which can aid in preventing scratching on furniture."
Groovy Fish Catnip Toy
Through testing various catnip toys, our evaluation concluded that the Groovy Fish reigns supreme. Its unique design includes a refillable storage pocket for the catnip, and thanks to its flipping movement when tapped, it engages a cat's natural hunting instincts.
Risks Associated with Catnip
To address a common question, is catnip harmful to cats? Generally, no. Overindulging in catnip can lead to dizziness, vomiting, or diarrhea, but such instances are uncommon. Upon recovery, your cat should be back to normal.
Not all cats exhibit exuberant or relaxed behavior when exposed to catnip; for some, it might be too stimulating, potentially leading to aggression. Rest assured, though, that overdosing on catnip is not a concern; even if your cat consumes a large amount, the worst-case scenario is an upset stomach.
Dr. MacMillan cautions: "There is no evidence that catnip is detrimental to cats. The effects are temporary, lasting up to half an hour. Overdosing is not reported, and it does not seem addictive in cats. The only potential issue I can think of would be if your cat becomes over-stimulated by it, causing them to scratch, bite, or damage possessions as they race around. As such, it is advisable to use catnip sparingly."
Catnip Duration of Effects
After the initial catnip-induced joy subsides, your cat becomes immune to its effects for a while. After half an hour to a few hours, your cat loses interest in catnip and goes back to their normal selves. This is because the catnip's effects wear off quickly, ensuring your cat does not experience an endless supply of euphoria.
Dr. MacMillan adds: "The full effects of catnip may last up to 30 minutes, but for some cats, they might only last 5 to 15 minutes before they calm down. Following this initial hyperactivity, cats often experience a period of fatigue that could last 2 to 3 hours. After this pause, your cat becomes receptive to catnip again. When used strategically, catnip can be a helpful tool during stressful situations like fireworks or car rides. Simply ensure you are aware of your cat's reaction to catnip and practice using it in low-pressure situations before employing it in stressful ones."
Frequency of Catnip Use
Considering the rapid onset and disappearance of catnip's effects, you will not have to contend with a cat constantly seeking more catnip. Ideally, though, you should use catnip much like you would any of the best cat treats: sparingly.
Dr. MacMillan advises: "Although there is no strict limitation on how frequently you can offer catnip, it is best reserved for occasional treats. Over time, some cats may develop immunity or desensitization to its effects, requiring less potent dosages. Cats typically perceive catnip as a reward, making it an effective tool for training or encouraging play. It can also be placed around a scratching post to encourage its utilization, particularly if your cat has been scratching furniture."
*Can Kittens Have Catnip?
Yes, cats of any age, including kittens, can safely consume catnip. Some owners may use it as a training tool for kittens, helping them get acclimated to a litter tray or scratching post. It is safe for cats with medical issues to consume catnip as well.
When introducing catnip to your pet for the first time, do so gradually and monitor its impact closely. If your cat shows minimal or no response, gradually increase the dosage. Your active kitten may become boisterous under the influence of catnip, leading to increased scratching and biting. Just bear in mind that reactions vary considerably between individual cats, and 30% of cats will show no response to catnip at all.
For more information about silver vine, whether cats can eat catnip, and valerian for cats, please consult our related articles.
Dr. Rebecca MacMillan is a veterinary surgeon who graduated from the Royal Veterinary College in London in 2009. She has extensive experience in small animal practice, contributing to day-to-day operations, on-call emergency duties, and managerial roles. Rebecca specializes in medicine and is proud to have achieved a BSAVA postgraduate certificate in small animal medicine (with commendation).
This page was last updated on February 21 by Megan Milstead.
- Derived from the Nepeta cataria plant, catnip triggers peculiar behaviors in cats, such as rolling, rubbing, meowing, and increased playfulness, while also helping alleviate anxiety.
- Catnip can be used as a training tool for cats, making scratching posts or toys more appealing, helping to correct unwanted behaviors like scratching furniture.
- For instance, the Groovy Fish catnip toy, with its refillable storage pocket and flipping movement, effectively engages a cat's natural hunting instincts.
- Not all cats react to catnip; some may remain unaffected, while others might become over-stimulated, potentially leading to aggression.
- Furthermore, catnip enriches a cat's life, providing an engaging outlet, particularly for more sedentary cats who could benefit from additional exercise.
- Catnip can also be beneficial during stressful situations, such as veterinary visits, acting as a calming aid for fearful cats.
- Dr. Rebecca MacMillan, a veterinarian with over 16 years of experience working with cats, explains that catnip acts as a natural mood enhancer, eliciting feelings of euphoria in many cats and providing a temporary modification of their behavior.
